追加、例示、強調、順接、逆接と考えてみましたが、今週は、「結論、まとめ」です。結論というのは、文章の最後や、最後のパラグラフの最初に使うようなものが典型でしょうか。
ところで結論というのも考え出すと、そんな単純なものではありません。
こういうものを本格的に考えるのが、論理学になるわけですが、超入門、娯楽として、NHK高校講座で「ロンリのちから」という講座を紹介しておきたいと思います(ビデオ、それからのスクリプトとも興味深い)。
表面的に英語は流ちょうに話したりできるのに、こういう部分が弱い人も多いです。
あまり難しいことは考えずに。。
Last but not least ってどう使う? |
結論, まとめ |
in conclusion |
in sum |
to sum up |
to summarize |
in summary |
taken together |
we can conclude |
finally |
accordingly |
actually |
after all |
all in all |
All things considered |
altogether |
apart from |
as a consequence |
as a final point |
as a result |
as described |
As I have said |
As was previously stated |
as you can see |
at any rate |
at bottom |
at its core |
because of this |
briefly |
by extension |
chiefly |
consequently |
essentially |
except for |
finally, it can be |
for that reason |
for this reason |
generally |
given the above |
hence |
henceforth |
In a nutshell |
in all cases |
in any event |
in brief |
in consequence |
in effect |
in either case |
in essence |
in general |
in many cases |
in most cases |
in other words |
in short |
in some cases |
in view of |
it can be concluded that |
It is apparent |
It is evident |
It is obvious |
it seems |
largely |
Last but not least |
mostly |
on account of |
on the whole |
otherwise |
Our top priority is |
overall |
primarily |
recapitulate |
Taking everything into account |
that is why |
the bottom line |
the end result |
the outcome |
The point is |
The thing is |
therefore |
thus |
To conclude |
to put it another way |
to put it bluntly |
to put it briefly |
to put it succinctly |
to some extent |
To sum up |
to this end |
ultimately |
under those circumstances |
upshot |
usually |
前回と同様、太字は常識的なもの。赤は使えるとカッコよい言い回し。そして、いくつかのディスコースマーカーは、口語的で、論文執筆というより、口頭発表などで使うものだと思いますが、文語的、口語的というのを、どこで線引きをするのか、というのも難しいので一緒になっています。もう少し整理して、まとめてみたいという思いがありますが、なかなか精神的なゆとりがありません。